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Why the possible GLP-1–NAION link is hard to establish

The possible link is difficult to pin down partly because NAION is rare: the American Academy of Ophthalmology estimates 2–10 cases per 100,000 people in the general population. That figure is not a risk estimate for people taking GLP-1 drugs; the small numbers make it hard to determine whether there is a connection. Several NAION risk factors—including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and high cholesterol—are also common among GLP-1 users. And how the drugs might cause the condition remains unknown.

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